嵌入式Servlet容器(七)

嵌入式Servlet容器

一、如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相关配置;

  • 修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);
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server.port=8081
server.context-path=/crud

server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8

//通用的Servlet容器设置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的设置
server.tomcat.xxx
  • 编写一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的配置
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@Bean  //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {

//定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则
@Override
public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
container.setPort(8083);
}
};
}

二、如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相关配置;

  • 修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);
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server.port=8081
server.context-path=/crud

server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8

//通用的Servlet容器设置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的设置
server.tomcat.xxx
  • 编写一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的配置
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@Bean  //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {

//定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则
@Override
public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
container.setPort(8083);
}
};
}

三、注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】

  • 由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用,没有web.xml文件。

  • 注册三大组件用以下方式

  • ServletRegistrationBean

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//注册三大组件
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
return registrationBean;
}
  • FilterRegistrationBean
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@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
return registrationBean;
}
  • ServletListenerRegistrationBean
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@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
return registrationBean;
}
  • SpringBoot帮我们自动SpringMVC的时候,自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;

  • DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:

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@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
//默认拦截: / 所有请求;包静态资源,但是不拦截jsp请求; /*会拦截jsp
//可以通过server.servletPath来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径

registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
registration.setLoadOnStartup(
this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
}
return registration;
}

四、替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器

默认支持:

Tomcat(默认使用)

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器;
</dependency>

Jetty(常做长连接——聊天类)

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<!-- 引入web模块 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

Undertow(不支持JSP,高并发)

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<!-- 引入web模块 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

五、嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理;

  • EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置?
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@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;给容器中导入一些组件
//导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//后置处理器:bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖;
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂;作用:创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
public static class EmbeddedTomcat {

@Bean
public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}

}

/**
* Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
WebAppContext.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedJetty {

@Bean
public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}

}

/**
* Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedUndertow {

@Bean
public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}

}

1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工厂)

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public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {

//获取嵌入式的Servlet容器
EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}

2)、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)

3)、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory为例

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@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
//创建一个Tomcat
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();

//配置Tomcat的基本环节
File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
: createTempDir("tomcat"));
tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
customizeConnector(connector);
tomcat.setConnector(connector);
tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
}
prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);

//将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器
return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}

4)、我们对嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效?

1
ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器帮我们修改了Servlet容器的配置?

  • 怎么修改的原理:

5)、容器中导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

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//初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
//如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件
if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
//
postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
}
return bean;
}

private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
//获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值;
for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
customizer.customize(bean);
}
}

private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
if (this.customizers == null) {
// Look up does not include the parent context
this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
this.beanFactory
//从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
//定制Servlet容器,给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件
.getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
false, false)
.values());
Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
}
return this.customizers;
}

ServerProperties也是定制器

步骤:

1)、SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的 EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】

2)、容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;

  • 只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;

3)、后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的定制方法

六、嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理;

  • 什么时候创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂?什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat;

获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:

1)、SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法

2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一个组件】;如果是web应用创建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否则:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

3)、refresh(context);刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器;

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public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();

// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

try {
// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

// Initialize message source for this context.
initMessageSource();

// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
initApplicationEventMulticaster();

// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
onRefresh();

// Check for listener beans and register them.
registerListeners();

// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

// Last step: publish corresponding event.
finishRefresh();
}

catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}

// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
destroyBeans();

// Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);

// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}

finally {
// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}

4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法

5)、webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();

6)、获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:

  • EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

    从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置;

7)、使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());

8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器;

  • 先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,再将ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来;

  • IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器

七、使用外置的Servlet容器

  • 嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar

      优点:简单、便携;
    
      缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);
    
  • 外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat—应用war包的方式打包;

步骤

1)、必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)

2)、将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided;

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3)、必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并调用configure方法

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public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
//传入SpringBoot应用的主程序
return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
}

}

4)、启动服务器就可以使用;

原理

jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;

war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;

servlet3.0(Spring注解版):

8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:

规则:

1)、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例:

2)、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名

3)、还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;

流程:

1)、启动Tomcat

2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:

  • Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer

3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例;

4)、每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup;

5)、相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法

6)、SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创建容器

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protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
ServletContext servletContext) {
//1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder
SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
builder.environment(environment);
builder.main(getClass());
ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
if (parent != null) {
this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
servletContext.setAttribute(
WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
}
builder.initializers(
new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);

//调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
builder = configure(builder);

//使用builder创建一个Spring应用
SpringApplication application = builder.build();
if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
.findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
application.getSources().add(getClass());
}
Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
"No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
+ "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
// Ensure error pages are registered
if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
}
//启动Spring应用
return run(application);
}

7)、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器

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public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
context = createApplicationContext();
analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);

//刷新IOC容器
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
listeners.finished(context, null);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
return context;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
}

启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用